The Rawi Network extends around the globe. One of its leaders is a former captain in Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard. It was first established to help Saddam evade sanctions in the early 1990s.
- "Treasury Designates Islamic State Financial Network Operating in Turkey,"Merve Tahiroglu, FDD Policy Brief
By Joshua Tallis, Strategy Bridge: "How militaries address the challenges imposed by hybridized nonstate groups is a conceptual issue that would benefit from a deeper interrogation of the unique relationship between crime and war that such threats represent."
By Maksym Bugriy, Eurasia Daily Monitor: “ ... the news nevertheless sheds light on Moscow’s apparent use of digital currencies to fund its ongoing “hybrid” (New Generation) war against Ukraine and possibly in other Eurasian conflicts."